Intercultural Experience Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intercultural Experience - Personal Statement Example Today she was cooking pulled pork that was slow cooked in oil. Maria served this on freshly cooked corn tortillas with a variety of toppings. It was obvious in the household that the family was from Mexico and had a rich religious tradition. There were religious icons on the end tables as well as a bible in a conspicuous place on the table. There were also pictures on the wall that depicted religious scenes. I asked Maria about there religious background and she told me they were Catholics. The father, Juan, said that the Catholic religion was a dominant religion in Mexico and both he and Maria had become Catholics at birth and had been baptized into the religion as young children in Mexico. There was no doubt that Juan was the head of the household. He sat in the chair that dominated the living area. When the meal was served, Juan sat at the head of the table and was served first. The family seemed to attend to his needs and offered him a great amount of respect. I asked Maria if her children were always as well behaved as they were today, or if they were just on their best behavior for my benefit. She said that they were always well behaved during dinner. Meals were a special occasion and the children and family regarded mealtime as a time to talk and communicate with one another.

Ethical Principle Essay Example for Free

Ethical Principle Essay Ethical principles have a huge portion in the impact of intentional or assisted euthanasia. Beneficence according to Beauchamp states, â€Å"compassion; taking positive action to help others; desire to do good; are core principle of our patient advocacy† (Beauchamp,2009,p38). The value of beneficence simply states to do good to achieve the best possible outcome. For example, medical research is expanding and exploring numerous cures for diseases that are causing harm to people. Doctors that are approving euthanasia are because of empathy and kindness for the patient. The doctors and physicians are trying to do good for the patient by performing euthanasia because they know the prognoses is poor and the medical treatment won’t cure the disease. Utilitarianism theory can also be applied to the situation, â€Å"this theory supports what is best for most people. The value of the act is determined by its usefulness, with the main emphasis on the outcome or consequences†(American Nursing Association). In other words, the greatest value for all, is the selection that is morally accurate. For example, some patients support active euthanasia because it ends the suffering of the person. The choice to end life in return brings the great happiness for large amount of people. The autonomy theory states, â€Å"Agreements to respect right to self determine is a course of action and support of independent decision making†. (Beauchamp,2009 p.38). People should have their own choice to make decision for themselves when it involves their lifeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s. If the member is unable to make his or her needs known, an inform consent or power of attorney should be made before hand of the patient wishes. The ethical theory such as deontology mentions, people should abide to their task and obligations when review an ethical dilemma. Reference Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed., pp. 38-39). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. American Nurses Association. Retrieved from website: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/Resources/Ethics-Definitions.pdf

Expert Systems In Health Care :: essays research papers

A case referring to the beneficial use of the expert systems in the health sector was the attempt of the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake city,Utah to build “ the most complex artificial intelligence system ever created'; according to the words of DR David Classen.Its name was AIC or “Antibiotic Computer Consultant'; and it was part of HELP(Health Evaluation through Logical Processing), which was LDS’s hospital information system. The latter was existed, before the implementation of the Expert System. The role of AIC was to help doctors determine proper antibiotic treatment for specific patients.Achieving the specific purpose,the Expert System followed the above stages: 1) The doctor turned to the system with information on the infection type and site, and also identified the patient to the computer. 2) The system determined the pathogens, which are likely to have caused the infection. 3) The software examined the patient’s medical records( through the HELP information system) and searched for similar cases nationwide. 4) Finally, it displayed the five most likely antibiotic regimens to be effective and the cost of the prescription for each one. Altough,the system was extremely rewarding and expanded to include other cases involving antibiotics, some criticisms were made against it. It was stated that the system was unwieldy and that physicians had to enter much information, which was useless. Of course, the best answer came straightly from the physicians, who highlighted many important benefits of the AIC. The 88% of them believed that the use of AIC was very simple and they would recommend it to other colleagues. Another 85% stated that the program improved their selection of antibiotics, and 81% agreed that it enhanced patient care. Concerning its usability, doctors access into the system 3 times a day.

Fiction Vs. Non-Fiction Essay

Literary form of writing is held to be exemplary because it is noticed due to its imaginary nature while others less straightforward forms try to cover their fictionality. The logic here is antirealist, skeptical and pragmatist. A complex case for this line of consideration might run as follows. At first a more or less common stand is set up starting with uncomplicated design of fiction, in both its description and object senses. According to this suggestion a patent divide subsists between imaginative literature, when defined in expressions of fiction creation and other conversations whose intention is not creation but description. Imaginative literature builds imaginary worlds which, although no doubt drawn from features of the existent world, are nonetheless explicitly constructs of the brain. The non-fiction, more ‘serious’ literature is not concerned with imaginary units but with the actual thing. They are evaluated not in terms of imagination but in terms of reality or association with the reality. Fiction versus fact becomes the crucial characteristic that marks off imaginative literature (Lamarque & Olsen 172). Despite there being multiple literary ‘genres’ it appears a bit odd that writing is essentially separated into just two large categories: non-fiction and fiction. Contemporary writers sometimes get a bit of information from each of these groups and form â€Å"historical science fiction† or â€Å"historical fiction† (Heller, 123). Works cited Heller, Clark Von. ESL Doxography 101. West Conshohocken: Buy Books on the web, 2006. Lamarque, Peter, Olsen, Stein Haugom. Truth, fiction, and literature: a philosophical perspective. New York:   Oxford University Press, 1996

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER EIGHT FARMWOMAN

FARMWOMAN Thd Speakers sat about the table, frozen in their mental shielding. It was as though all – with one accord – had hidden their minds to avoid irrevocable insult to the First Speaker after his statement concerning Trevize. Surreptitiously they glanced toward Delarmi and even that gave away much. Of them all, she was best known for her irreverence – Even Gendibal paid more lip service to convention. Delarmi was aware of the glances and she knew that she had no choice but to face up to this impossible situation. In fact, she did not want to duck the issue. In all the history of the Second Foundation, no First Speaker had ever been impeached for misanalysis (and behind the term, which she had invented as cover-up, was the unacknowledged incompetence). Such impeachment now became possible. She would not hang back. â€Å"First Speaker!† she said softly, her thin, colorless lips more nearly invisible than usual in the general whiteness of her face. â€Å"You yourself say you have no basis for your opinion, that the psychohistorical mathematics show nothing Do you ask us to base a crucial decision on a mystical feeling?† The First Speaker looked up, his forehead corrugated. He was aware of the universal shielding at the Table. He knew what it meant. He said coldly, â€Å"I do not hide the lack of evidence. I present you with nothing falsely. What I offer is the strongly intuitive feeling of a First Speaker, one with decades of experience who has spent nearly a lifetime in the close analysis of the Seldon Plan.† He looked about him with a proud rigidity he rarely displayed, and one by one the mental shields softened and dropped. Delarmi's (when he turned to stare at her) was the last. She said, with a disarming frankness that filled her mind as though nothing else had ever been there, â€Å"I accept your statement, of course, First Speaker. Nevertheless, I think you might perhaps want to reconsider. As you think about it now, having already expressed shame at having to fall back on intuition, would you wish your remarks to be stricken from the record if, in your judgment they should be†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And Gendibal's voice cut in. â€Å"What are these remarks that should. be stricken from the record?† Every pair of eyes turned in unison. Had their shields not been up during the crucial moments before, they would have been aware of his approach long before he was at the door. â€Å"All shields up a moment ago? All unaware of my entrance?† said Gendibal sardonically. â€Å"What a commonplace meeting of the Table we have here. Was no one on their guard for my coming? Or did you all fully expect that I would not arrive?† This outburst was a flagrant violation of all standards. For Gendibal to arrive late was bad enough. For him to then enter unannounced was worse. For him to speak before the First Speaker had acknowledged his attendance was worst of all. The First Speaker turned to him. All else was superceded. The question of discipline came first. â€Å"Speaker Gendibal,† he said, â€Å"you are late. You arrive unannounced. You speak. Is there any reason why you should not be suspended from your seat for thirty days?† â€Å"Of course. The move for suspension should not be considered until first we consider who it was that made it certain I would be late – and why.† Gendibal's words were cool and measured, but his mind clothed his thoughts with anger and he did not care who sensed it. Certainly Delarmi sensed it. She said forcefully, â€Å"This man is mad.† â€Å"Mad? This woman is mad to say so. Or aware of guilt. – First Speaker, I address myself to you and move a point of personal privilege,† said Gendibal. â€Å"Personal privilege of what nature, Speaker?† â€Å"First Speaker, I accuse someone here of attempted murder.† The room exploded as every Speaker rose to his or her feet in a simultaneous babble of words, expression, and mentality. The First Speaker raised his arms. He cried, â€Å"The Speaker must have his chance to express his point of personal privilege.† He found himself forced to intensify his authority, mentally, in a manner most inappropriate to the place – yet there was no choice. The babble quieted. Gendibal waited unmoved until the silence was both audibly and mentally profound. He said, â€Å"On my way here, moving along a Hamish road at a distance and approaching at a speed that would have easily assured my arrival in good time for the meeting, I was stopped by several farmers and narrowly escaped being beaten, perhaps being killed. As it was, I was delayed and have but just arrived. May I point out, to begin with, that I know of no instance since the Great Sack that a Second Foundationer has been spoken to disrespectfully – let alone manhandled – by one of these Hamish people.† â€Å"Nor do I,† said the First Speaker. Delarmi cried out, â€Å"Second Foundationers do not habitually walk alone in Hamish territory! You invite this by doing so?† â€Å"It is true,† said Gendibal, â€Å"that I habitually walk alone in Hamish territory. I have walked there hundreds of times in every direction. Yet I have never been accosted before. Others do not walk with the freedom that I do, but no one exiles himself from the world or imprisons himself in the University and no one has ever been accosted. I recall occasions when Delarmi†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then, as though remembering the honorific too late, he deliberately converted it into a deadly insult. â€Å"I mean to say, I recall when Speakeress Delarmi was in Hamish territory, at one time or another, and yet she was not accosted.† â€Å"Perhaps,† said Delarmi, with eyes widened into a glare, â€Å"because I did not speak to them first and because I maintained my distance. Because I behaved as though I deserved respect, I was accorded it.† â€Å"Strange,† said Gendibal, â€Å"and I was about to say that it was because you presented a more formidable appearance than I did. After all, few dare approach you even here. – But tell me, why should it be that of all times for interference, the Hamish would choose this day to face me, when I am to attend an important meeting of the Table?† â€Å"If it were not because of your behavior, then it must ‘have been chance,† said Delarmi. â€Å"I have not heard that even all of Seldon's mathematics has removed the role of chance from the Galaxy – certainly not in the case of individual events. Or are you, too, speaking from intuitional inspiration?† (There was a soft mental sigh from one or two Speakers at this sideways thrust at the First Speaker.) â€Å"It was not my behavior. It was not chance. It was deliberate interference,† said Gendibal. â€Å"How can we know that?† asked the First Speaker gently. He could not help but soften toward Gendibal as a result of Delarmi's last remark. â€Å"My mind is open to you, First Speaker. I give you – and all the Table – my memory of events.† The transfer took but a few moments. The First Speaker said, â€Å"Shocking! You behaved very well, Speaker, under circumstances of considerable pressure. I agree that the Hamish behavior is anomalous and warrants investigation. In the meantime, please join our meeting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"A moments† cut in Delarmi. â€Å"How certain are we that the Speaker's account is accurate?† Gendibal's nostrils flared at the insult, but he retained his level composure. â€Å"My mind is open:† â€Å"I have known open minds that were not open.† â€Å"I have no doubt of that, Speaker,† said Gendibal, â€Å"since you, like the rest of us, must keep your own mind under inspection at all times. My mind, when open, however, is open.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Let us have no further†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"A point of personal privilege, First Speaker, with apologies for the interruption,† said Delarmi. â€Å"Personal privilege of what nature, Speaker?† â€Å"Speaker Gendibal has accused one of us of attempted murder, presumably by instigating the farmer to attack him. As long as the accusation is not withdrawn, I must be viewed as a possible murderer, as would every person in this room – including you, First Speaker.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Would you withdraw the accusation, Speaker Gendibal?† Gendibal took his seat and put his hands down upon its arms, gripping them tightly, as though taking ownership of it, and said, â€Å"I will do so, as soon as someone explains why a Hamish farmer, rallying several others, should deliberately set out to delay me on my way to this meeting.† â€Å"A thousand reasons, perhaps,† said the First Speaker. â€Å"I repeat that this event will be investigated. Will you, for now, Speaker Gendibal, and in the interest of continuing the present discussion, withdraw your accusation?† â€Å"I cannot, First Speaker. I spent long minutes trying, as delicately as I might, to search his mind for ways to alter his behavior without damage and failed. His mind lacked the give it should have had. His emotions were fixed, as though by an outside mind.† Delarmi said with a sudden little smile, â€Å"And you think one of us was the outside mind? Might it not have been your mysterious organization that is competing with us, that is more powerful than we are?† â€Å"It might,† said GendibaI. â€Å"In that case, we – who are not members of this organization that only you know of – are not guilty and you should withdraw your accusation. Or can it be that you are accusing someone here of being under the control of this strange organization? Perhaps one of us here is not quite what he or she seems?† â€Å"Perhaps,† said Gendibal stolidly, quite aware that Delarmi was feeding him rope with a noose at the end of it. â€Å"It might seem,† said Delarmi, reaching the noose and preparing to tighten it, â€Å"that your dream of a secret, unknown, hidden, mysterious organization is a nightmare of paranoia. It would ft in with your paranoid fantasy that Hamish farmers are being influenced, that Speakers are under hidden control. I am willing, however, to follow this peculiar thought line of yours for a while longer. Which of us here, Speaker, do you think is under control? Might it be me?† Gendibal said, â€Å"I would not think so, Speaker. If you were attempting to rid yourself of me in so indirect a manner, you would not so openly advertise your dislike for me.† â€Å"A double-double-cross, perhaps?† said Delarmi. She was virtually purring. â€Å"That would be a common conclusion in a paranoid fantasy.† â€Å"So it might be. You are more experienced in such matters than I. â€Å"† Speaker Lestim Gianni interrupted hotly. â€Å"See here, Speaker Gendibal, if you are exonerating Speaker Delarmi, you are directing your accusations the more tightly at the rest of us. What grounds would any of us have to delay your presence at this meeting, let alone wish you dead?† Gendibal answered quickly, as though he had been waiting for the question. â€Å"When I entered, the point under discussion was the striking of remarks from the record, remarks made by the First Speaker. I was the only Speaker not in a position to hear those remarks. Let me know what they were and I rather think I will tell you the motive for delaying me.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"I had stated – and it was something to which Speaker Delarmi and others took serious exception – that I had decided, on the basis of intuition and of a most inappropriate use of psychohistorical mathematics, that the entire future of the Plan may rest on the exile of First Foundationer Golan Trevize:† Gendibal said, â€Å"What other Speakers may think is up to them. For my part, I agree with this hypothesis. Trevize is the key. I find his sudden ejection by the First Foundation too curious to be innocent.† Delarmi said, â€Å"Would you care to say, Speaker Gendibal, that Trevize is in the grip of this mystery organization – or that the people who exiled him are? Is perhaps everyone and everything in their control except you and the First Speaker – and me, whom you have declared to be uncontrolled?† Gendibal said, â€Å"These ravings require no answer. Instead let me ask if there is any Speaker here who would like to express agreement on this matter with the First Speaker and myself? You have read, I presume, the mathematical treatment that I have, with the First Speaker's approval, circulated among you.† There was silence. â€Å"I repeat my request,† said Gendibal. â€Å"Anyone?† There was silence. Gendibal said, â€Å"First Speaker, you now have the motive for delaying me.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"State it explicitly.† â€Å"You have expressed the need to deal with Trevize, with this First Foundationer. It represents an important initiative in policy and if the Speakers had read my treatment, they would have known in a general way what was in the wind. If, nevertheless, they had unanimously disagreed with you – unanimously – then, by traditional self-limitation, you would have been unable to go forward. If even one Speaker backed you, then you would be able to implement this new policy. I was the one Speaker who would back yon, as anyone who had read my treatment would know, and it was necessary that I must, at all costs, be kept from the Table. That trick proved nearly successful, but I am now here and I back the First Speaker. I agree with him and he can, in accordance with tradition, disregard the disagreement of the ten other Speakers.† Delarmi struck the table with her fist. â€Å"The implication is that someone knew in advance what the First Speaker would advise, knew in advance that Speaker Gendibal would support it and that all the rest would not – that someone knew what he could not have known. There is the further implication that this initiative is not to the liking of Speaker Gendibal's paranoia-inspired organization and that they are fighting to prevent it and that, therefore, one or more of us is under the control of that organization:† â€Å"The implication is there,† agreed Gendibal. â€Å"Your analysis is masterly.† â€Å"Whom do you accuse?† cried out Delarmi. â€Å"No one. I call upon the First Speaker to take up the matter. It is clear that there is someone in our organization who is working against us. I suggest that everyone working for the Second Foundation should undergo a thorough mental analysis. Everyone, including the Speakers themselves. Even including myself – and the First Speaker.† The meeting of the Table broke up in greater confusion and greater excitement than any on record. And when the First Speaker finally spoke the phrase of adjournment, Gendibal – without speaking to anyone – made his way back to his room. He knew well that he had not one friend among the Speakers, that even whatever support the First Speaker could give him would be half-hearted at best. He could not tell whether he feared for himself or for the entire Second Foundation. The taste of doom was sour in his mouth. Gendibal did not sleep well. His waking thoughts and his sleeping dreams were alike engaged in quarreling with Delora Delarmi. In one passage of one dream, there was even a confusion between her and the Hamish farmer, Rufirant, so that Gendibal found himself facing an out-of-proportion Delarmi advancing upon him with enormous fists and a sweet smile that revealed needlelike teeth. He finally woke, later than usual, with no sensation of having rested and with the buzzer on his night table in muted action. He turned over to bring his hand down upon the contact. â€Å"Yes? What is it?† â€Å"Speaker!† The voice was that of the floor proctor, rather less than suitably respectful. â€Å"A visitor wishes to speak to you:† â€Å"A visitor?† Gendibal punched his appointment schedule and the screen showed nothing before noon. He pushed the time button; it was 8:31 a.m. He said peevishly, â€Å"Who in space and time is it?† â€Å"Will not give a name, Speaker.† Then, with clear disapproval, â€Å"One of these Hamishers, Speaker. Arrived at your invitation.† The last sentence was said with even clearer disapproval. â€Å"Let him wait in the reception room till I come down. It will take time.† Gendibal did not hurry. Throughout the morning ablutions, he remained lost in thought. That someone was using the Hamish to hamper his movements made sense – but he would like to know who that someone was. And what was this new intrusion of the Hamish into his very quarters? A complicated trap of some sort? How in the name of Seldon would a Hamish farmer get into the University? What reason could he advance? What reason could he really have? For one fleeting moment, Gendibal wondered if he ought to arm himself. He decided against it almost at once, since he felt contemptuously certain of being able to control any single farmer on the University grounds without any danger to himself – and without any unacceptable marking of a Hamish mind. Gendibal decided he had been too strongly affected by the incident with Karoll Rufirant the day before. – Was it the very farmer, by the way? no longer under the influence, perhaps – of whatever or whoever it washe might well have come to Gendibal to apologize for what he had done and with apprehension of punishment. – But how would Rufirant know where to go? Whom to approach? Gendibal swung down the corridor resolutely and entered the waiting room. He stopped in astonishment, then fumed to the proctor, who was pretending to be busy in his glass-walled cubicle. â€Å"Proctor, you did not say the visitor was a woman.† The proctor said quietly, â€Å"Speaker, I said a Hamisher. You did not ask further.† â€Å"Minimal information, Proctor? I must remember that as one of your characteristics.† (And he must check to see if the proctor was a Delarmi appointee. And he must remember, from now on, to note the functionaries who surrounded him, â€Å"Lowlies† whom it was too easy to ignore from the height of his still-new Speakership.) â€Å"Are any of the conference rooms available?† The proctor said, â€Å"Number 4 is the only one available, Speaker. It will be free for three hours.† He glanced briefly at the Hamishwoman, then at Gendibal, with blank innocence. â€Å"We will use Number 4, Proctor, and I would advise you to mind your thoughts.† Gendibal struck, not gently, and the proctor's shield closed far too slowly. Gendibal knew well it was beneath his dignity to manhandle a lesser mind, but a person who was incapable of shielding an unpleasant conjecture against a superior ought to learn not to indulge in one. The proctor would have a mild headache for a few hours. It was well deserved. Her name did not spring immediately to mind and Gendibal was in no mood to delve deeper. She could scarcely expect him to remember, in any case. He said peevishly, â€Å"You are†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I be Novi, Master Scowler,† she said in what was almost a gasp. â€Å"My previous be Sura, but I be called Novi plain.† â€Å"Yes. Novi. We met yesterday; I remember now. I have not forgotten that you came to my defense.† He could not bring himself to use the Hamish accent on the very University grounds. â€Å"Now how did you get here?† â€Å"Master, you said I might write letter. You said, it should say, ‘Speaker's House, Apartment 27' I self-bring it and I show the writing – my own writing, Master.† She said it with a kind of bashful pride. â€Å"They ask, ‘For whom be this writing?' I heared your calling when you said it to that oafish bane-top, Rufirant. I say it be for Stor Gendibal, Master Scowler.† â€Å"And they let you pass, Novi? Didn't they ask to see the letter?† â€Å"I be very frightened. I think maybe they feel gentle-sorry. I said, ‘Scowler Gendibal promise to show me Place of Scowlers,' and they smile. One of them at gate-door say to other, ‘And that not all he be show her.' And they show me where to go, and say not to go elseplace at all or I be thrown out moment-wise.† Gendibal reddened faintly. By Seldon, if he felt the need for Hamish amusement, it would not be in so open a fashion and his choice would have been made more selectively. He looked at the Trantorian woman with an inward shake of his head. She seemed quite young, younger perhaps than hard work had made her appear. She could not be more than twenty-five, at which age Hamishwomen were usually already married. She wore her dark hair in the braids that signified her to be unmarried – virginal, in fact – and he was not surprised. Her performance yesterday showed her to have enormous talent as a shrew and he doubted that a Hamishman could easily be found who would dare be yoked to her tongue and her ready fist. Nor was her appearance much of an attraction. Though she had gone to pains to make herself look presentable, her face was angular and plain, her hands red and knobby. What he could see of her figure seemed built for endurance rather than for grace. Her lower lip began to tremble under his scrutiny. He could sense her embarrassment and fright quite plainly and felt pity. She had, indeed, been of use to him yesterday and that was what counted. He said, in an attempt to be genial and soothing, â€Å"So you have come to see the – uh – Place of Scholars?† She opened her dark eyes wide (they were rather fine) and said, â€Å"Master, be not ired with me, but I come to be scowler own-self.† â€Å"You want to be a scholar?† Gendibal was thunderstruck. â€Å"My good woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused. How on Trantor could one explain to a completely unsophisticated farmwoman the level of intelligence, training, and mental stamina required to be what Trantorians called a â€Å"scowler†? But Sura Novi drove on fiercely. â€Å"I be a writer and a reader. I have read whole books to end and from beginning, too. And I have wish to be scowler. I do not wish to be farmer's wife. I be no person for farm. I will not wed farmer or have farmer children.† She lifted her head and said proudly, â€Å"I be asked. Many times. I always say, ‘Nay! Politely, but ‘Nay. â€Å"‘ Gendibal could see plainly enough that she was lying. She had not been asked, but he kept his face straight. He said, â€Å"What will you do with your life if you do not marry?† Novi brought her hand down on the table, palm flat. â€Å"I will be scowler. I not be farmwoman.† â€Å"What if I cannot make you a scholar?† â€Å"Then I be nothing and I wait to die. I be nothing in life if I be not a scowler.† For a moment there was the impulse to search her mind and find out the extent of her motivation. But it would be wrong to do so. A Speaker did not amuse one's self by rummaging through the helpless minds of others. There was a code to the science and technique of mental control – mentalics – as to other professions. Or there should be. (He was suddenly regretful he had struck out at the proctor.) He said, â€Å"Why not be a farmwoman, Novi?† With a little manipulation, he could make her content with that and manipulate some Hamish lout into being happy to marry her – and she to marry him. It would do no harm. It would be a kindness. – But it was against the law and thus unthinkable. She said, â€Å"I not be. A farmer is a clod. He works with earthlumps, and he becomes earth-lump. If I be farmwoman, I be earthlump, too. I will be timeless to read and write, and I will forget. My head,† she put her hand to her temple, â€Å"will grow sour and stale. No! A scowler be different. Thoughtful!† (She meant by the word, Gendibal noted, â€Å"intelligent† rather than â€Å"considerate.†) â€Å"A scowler,† she said, â€Å"live with books and with – with – I forget what they be name – said.† She made a gesture as though she were making some sort of vague manipulations that would have meant nothing to Gendibal – if he did not have her mind radiations to guide him. â€Å"Microfilms,† he said. â€Å"How do you know about microfilms?† â€Å"In books, I read of many things,† she said proudly. Gendibal could no longer fight off the desire to know more. This was an unusual Hamisher; he had never heard of one like this. The Hamish were never recruited, but if Novi were younger, say ten years old What a waste? He would not disturb her; he would not disturb her in the least, but of what use was it to be a Speaker if one could not observe unusual minds and learn from them? He said, â€Å"Novi, I want you to sit there for a moment. Be very quiet. Do not say anything. Do not think of saying anything. just think of falling asleep: Do you understand?† Her fright returned at once, â€Å"Why must ‘ do this, Master?† â€Å"Because I wish to think how you might become a scholar.† After all, no matter what she had read, there was no possible way in which she could know what being a â€Å"scholar† truly meant. It was therefore necessary to find out what she thought a scholar was. Very carefully and with infinite delicacy he probed her mind; sensing without actually touching-like placing one's hand on a polished metal surface without leaving fingerprints. To her a scholar was someone who always read books. She had not the slightest idea of why one read books. For herself to be a scholar – the picture in her mind was that of doing the labor she knew – fetching, carrying, cooking, cleaning, following orders – but on the University grounds where books were available and where she would have time to read them and, very vaguely, â€Å"to become learned.† What it amounted to was that she wanted to be a servant – his servant. Gendibal frowned. A Hamishwoman servant – and one who was plain, graceless, uneducated, barely literate. Unthinkable. He would simply have to divert her. There would have to be some way of adjusting her desires to make her content to be a farmwoman, some way that would leave no mark, some way about which even Delarmi could not complain. – Or had she been sent by Delarmi? Was all this a complicated plan to lure him into tampering with a Hamish mind, so that he might be caught and impeached? Ridiculous. He was in danger of growing paranoid. Somewhere in the simple tendrils of her uncomplicated mind, a trickle of mental current needed to be diverted. It would only take a tiny push. It was against the letter of the law, but it would do no harm and no one would ever notice. He paused. Back. Back. Back. Space! He had almost missed it! Was he the victim of an illusion? No! Now that his attention was drawn. to it, he could make it out clearly. There was the tiniest tendril disarrayed – an abnormal disarray. Yet it was so delicate, so ramification-free. Gendibal emerged from . her mind. He said gently, â€Å"Novi.† Her eyes focused. She said, â€Å"Yes, Master?† Gendibal said, â€Å"You may work with me. I will make you a scholar†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Joyfully, eyes blazing, she said, â€Å"Master†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He detected it at once. She was going to throw herself at his feet. He put his hands on her shoulders and held her tightly. â€Å"Don't move, Novi. Stay where you are. – Stay!† He might have been talking to a half-trained animal. When he could see the order had penetrated, he let her go. He was conscious of the hard muscles along her upper arms. He said, â€Å"If you are to be a scholar, you must behave like one. That means you will have to be always quiet, always soft-spoken, always doing what I tell you to do. And you must try to learn to talk as I do. You will also have to meet other scholars. Will you be afraid?† â€Å"I be not afeared – afraid, Master, if you be with me:† â€Å"I wilt be with you. But now, first – I must find you a room, arrange to have you assigned a lavatory, a place in the dining room, and clothes, too. You will have to wear clothes more suitable to a scholar, Novi.† â€Å"These be all I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she began miserably. † â€Å"We will supply others.† Clearly he would have to get a woman to arrange for a new supply of clothing for Novi. He would also need someone to teach the Hamisher the rudiments of personal hygiene. After ail, though the clothes she wore were probably her best and though she had obviously spruced herself up, she still had a distinct odor that was faintly unpleasant. And he would have to make sure that the relationship between them was understood. It was always an open secret that the men (and women, too) of the Second Foundation made occasional forays among the Hamish for their pleasure. If there was no interference with Hamish minds in the process, no one dreamed of making a fuss about it. Gendibal himself had never indulged in this, and he liked to think it was because he felt no need for sex that might be coarser and more highly spiced than was available at the University. The women of the Second Foundation might be pallid in comparison to the Hamish, but they were clean and their skins were smooth. But even if the matter were misunderstood and there were sniggers at a Speaker who net only turned to the Hamish but brought one into his quarters, he would have to endure the embarrassment. As it stood, this farmwoman, Sura Novi, was his key to victory in the inevitable forthcoming duel with Speaker Delarmi and the rest of the Table. Gendibal did not see Novi again till after dinnertime, at which time she was brought to him by the woman to whom he had endlessly explained the situation – at least, the nonsexual character of the situation. She had understood – or, at least, did not dare show any indication of failure to understand, which was perhaps just as good. Novi stood before him now, bashful, proud, embarrassed, triumphant – all at once, in an incongruous mixture. He said, â€Å"You look very nice, Novi.† The clothes they had given her fit surprisingly well and there was no question that she did not look at all ludicrous. Had they pinched in her waist? Lifted her breasts? Or had that just been not particularly noticeable in her farmwoman clothing? Her buttocks were prominent, but not displeasingly so. Her face, of course, remained plain, but when the tan of outdoor life faded and she learned how to care for her complexion, it would not look downright ugly. By the Old Empire, that woman did think Novi was to be his mistress. She had tried to make her beautiful for him. And then he thought: Well, why not? Novi would have to face the Speaker's Table – and the more attractive she seemed, the more easily he would be able to get his point across. It was with this thought that the message from the First Speaker reached him. It had the kind of appropriateness that was common in a mentalic society. It was called, more or less informally, the â€Å"Coincidence Effect.† If you think vaguely of someone when someone is thinking vaguely of you, there is a mutual, escalating stimulation which in a matter of seconds makes the two thoughts sharp, decisive, and, to all appearances, simultaneous. It can be startling even to those who understand it intellectually, particularly if the preliminary vague thoughts were so dim – on one side or the other (or both) – as to have gone consciously unnoticed. â€Å"I can't be with you this evening, Novi,† said Gendibal. â€Å"I have scholar work to do. I will take you to your room. There will be some books there and you can practice your reading. I will show you how to use the signal if you need help with anything – and I will see you tomorrow.† Gendibal said politely, â€Å"First Speaker?† Shandess merely nodded. He looked dour and fully his age. He looked as though he were a man who did not drink, but who could use a stiff one. He said finally, â€Å"I ‘called' you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No messenger. I presumed from the direct ‘call' that it was important.† â€Å"It is. Your quarry – the First Foundationer – Trevize†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"He is not coming to Trantor.† Gendibal did not look surprised. â€Å"Why should he? The information we received was that he was leaving with a professor of ancient history who was seeking Earth.† â€Å"Yes, the legendary Primal Planet. And that is why he should be coming to Trantor. After all, does the professor know where Earth is? Do you? Do I? Can we be sure it exists at all, or ever existed? Surely they would have to come to this Library to obtain the necessary information – if it were to be obtained anywhere. I have until this hour felt that the situation was not at crisis level – that the First Foundationer would come here and that we would, through him, learn what we need to know.† â€Å"Which would certainly be the reason he is not allowed to come here.† â€Å"But where is he going, then?† â€Å"We have not yet found out, I see.† The First Speaker said pettishly, â€Å"You seem calm about it.† Gendibal said, â€Å"I wonder if it is not better so. You want him to come to Trantor to keep him safe and use him as a source of information. Will he not, however, prove a source of more important information, involving others still more important than himself, if he goes where he wants to go and does what he wants to do – provided we do not lose sight of him?† â€Å"Not enough!† said the First Speaker. â€Å"you have persuaded me of the existence of this new enemy of ours and now I cannot rest.† â€Å"Worse, I have persuaded myself that we must secure Trevize or we have lost everything. I cannot rid myself of the feeling that he – and nothing else – is the key.† Gendibal said intensely, â€Å"Whatever happens, we will not lose, First Speaker. That would only have been possible, if these Anti-Mules, to use your phrase again, had continued to burrow beneath us unnoticed. But we know they are there now. We no longer work blind. At the next meeting of the Table, if we can work together, we shall begin the counterattack.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"It was not the matter of Trevize that had me send out the call to you. The subject came up first only because it seemed to me a personal defeat. I had misanalyzed that aspect of the situation. I was wrong to place personal pique above general policy and I apologize. There is something else.† â€Å"More serious, First Speaker?† â€Å"More serious, Speaker Gendibal.† The First Speaker sighed and drummed his fingers on the desk while Gendibal stood patiently before it and waited. The First Speaker finally said, in a mild way, as though that would ease the blow, â€Å"At an emergency meeting of the Table, initiated by Speaker Delarmi†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Without your consent, First Speaker?† â€Å"For what she wanted, she needed the consent of only three other Speakers, not including myself. At the emergency meeting that was then called, you were impeached, Speaker Gendibal. You have been accused as being unworthy of the post of Speaker and you must be tried. This is the first time in over three centuries that a bill of impeachment has been carried out against a Speaker†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gendibal said, fighting to keep down any sign of anger, â€Å"Surely you did not vote for my impeachment yourself.† â€Å"I did not, but I was alone. The rest of the Table was unanimous and the vote was ten to one for impeachment. The requirement for impeachment, as you know, is eight votes including the First Speaker – or ten without him.† â€Å"But T was not present.† â€Å"You would not have been able to vote.† â€Å"I might have spoken in my defense.† â€Å"Not at that stage. The precedents are few, but clear. Your defense will be at the trial, which will come as soon as possible, naturally.† Gendibal bowed his head in thought. Then he said, â€Å"This does not concern me overmuch, First Speaker. Your initial instinct, I think, was right. The matter of Trevize takes precedence. May I suggest you delay the trial on that ground?† The First Speaker held up his hand. â€Å"I don't blame you for not understanding the situation, Speaker. Impeachment is so rare an event that I myself have been forced to look up the legal procedures involved. Nothing takes precedence. We are forced to move directly to the trial, postponing everything else.† Gendibal placed his fists on the desk and leaned toward the First Speaker. â€Å"You are not serious?† â€Å"It is the law.† â€Å"The law can't be allowed to stand in the way of a clear and present danger.† â€Å"To the Table, Speaker Gendibal, you are the clear and present danger. – No, listen to me! The law that is involved is based on the conviction that nothing can be more important than the possibility of corruption or the misuse of power on the part of a Speaker.† â€Å"But I am guilty of neither, First Speaker, and you knew it. This is a matter of a personal vendetta on the part of Speaker Delarmi. If there is misuse of power, it is on her part. My crime is that I have never labored to make myself popular – I admit that much – and I have paid too little attention to fools who are old enough to be senile but young enough to have power.† â€Å"Like myself, Speaker?† Gendibal sighed. â€Å"You see, I've done it again. I don't refer to you, First Speaker. – Very well, then, let us have an instant trial, then. Let us have it tomorrow. Better yet, tonight. Let us get it over with and then pass on to the matter of Trevize. We dare not wait.† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Speaker Gendibal. I don't think you understand the situation. We have had impeachments before – not many, just two. Neither of those resulted in a conviction. You, however, will be convicted! You will then no longer be a member of the Table and you will no longer have a say in public policy. You will not, in fact, even have a vote at the annual meeting of the Assembly.† â€Å"And you will not act to prevent that? â€Å"I cannot. I will be voted down unanimously. I will then lie forced to resign, which I think is what the Speakers would like to see. â€Å"And Delarmi will become First Speaker?† â€Å"That is certainly a strong possibility.† â€Å"But that must not be allowed to happen!† â€Å"Exactly! Which is why I will have to vote for your conviction.† Gendibal drew a deep breath. â€Å"I still demand an instant trial.† â€Å"You must have time to prepare your defense.† â€Å"What defense? They will listen to no defense. Instant trial!† â€Å"The Table must have time to prepare their case.† â€Å"They have no case and will want none. They have me convicted in their minds and will require nothing more. In fact, they would rather convict me tomorrow than the day after – and tonight rather than tomorrow. Put it to them.† The First Speaker rose to his feet. They faced each other across the desk. The First Speaker said, â€Å"Why are you in such a hurry?† â€Å"The matter of Trevize will not wait.† â€Å"Once you are convicted and I am rendered feeble in the face of a Table united against me, what will have been accomplished?† Gendibal said in an intense whisper, â€Å"Have no fears! Despite everything, I will not be convicted.†

How to Use your Profession to Develop a Writing Niche

How to Use your Profession to Develop a Writing Niche When you become a freelance writer, you can potentially write for numerous websites, blogs and magazines. How you decide which clients to approach depends on the niche you select. Your niche also helps with branding, which enables potential clients to find you. The most effective and engaging articles, blog posts and books are those written If you are passionate about your chosen career, you need look no further than your profession to develop your niche. Start Consider writing styles, too. This is especially important when it comes to length, type and tone of the article. A well-researched, lengthy article is quite different to an anecdotal, humorous one. Some questions to ask yourself in deciding what types of articles to write include: Do you want to motivate readers to join your profession? Do you want to educate the public regarding issues you believe are important? Or do you wish to create a friendly discussion with readers in your industry. Now that you have a list of ideas and styles, you can start looking for work. Firstly, source a few good websites and blogs about writing for a living. Two of my favourites are: Writers in Charge [www.writersincharge.com] and Make a Living Writing [www.makealivingwriting.com]. While you familiarise yourself with the various forms of freelance writing, I highly recommend joining a writing group for support, encouragement and feedback on your progress and your writing. GoodReads.com has many groups one can join including a writing group. There are many writing groups on FaceBook e.g. Freelance Writers [https://www.facebook.com/groups/2351373470/]. Dont have a blog yet? Start one! It helps you refine your niche and test different styles and subjects. It helps you connect with readers and potential clients, and learn what they wish to know. Blogging also provides social proof when you pitch for writing jobs, e.g. The Role of Occupational Therapy in Sleep and Wellness. [huffingtonpost.com/shoshanah-shear/the-role-of-occupational-_b_12673818.html?1477582471] Extending your blogging activity to creating content for client blogs is a wonderful way to earn. Securing a paid opportunity to write a column related to your profession can also position you as an expert in your field. This is a valuable marketing tool for gaining private clients. Lastly, search for websites, magazines and blogs related to your profession. Dont forget the trade magazines! This article of the top ten trade magazines [allyoucanread.com/top-10-trade-magazines/] can give you ideas of what to look for. Though most professional journals do not pay for articles, you might be surprised to find that some do! Trade publications can also provide many ideas for article topics or companies to approach for work. I have found that scouring the adverts in professional journals opens many doors, from providing client contact details to triggering ideas for original content. In summary, writing articles, blog posts or books can provide an interesting addition to your profession. This can become a side income stream or a new way to use your professional knowledge. Most of all, love sharing your professional knowledge with others. Love writing. Love your profession and love knowing what an impact you can have on the lives of others.

European Energy Market Essays

European Energy Market Essays European Energy Market Essay European Energy Market Essay 1. What do you think are the economic benefits of liberalizing the EU energy market? Who stands to gain the most from liberalization? -Economic benefits: The consumers would have freedom to choose their energy providers and probably could lower the costs. They will have improved service quality as they will have variety of producers. Energy providers can improve efficiency through innovation to be competitive which in turn will also reduce prices. Larger utilities should be able to realize economies of scale which will able them to compete more effectively. The consumers and businesses would gain the most from liberalization: Consumers could get the best lowest prices possible from producers; better production with the use of innovative technology. Business would have more business in the competitive market and could gain more profit. 2. What are the implications of liberalization for energy producers in the EU? How will the environment they face change after liberalization? What act ions will they have to take? -Implications: Replace the markets of its 27 member states with a single continent wide market for electricity and gas. The majority market shares would be acquired and dominated by a large single enterprise eg: Electric de France. -Changes in environment after liberalization: There are a lot of acquisitions and mergers in the energy markets. Politicians and governments try to protect their firms from other competitions with regulations. Bigger firms will try to acquire firms in local country. -Actions: Government would impose conditions to stop foreign companies from acquiring local companies. The local authorities would try to protect the local company advantages. 3. Why is the deintegration of large energy companies seen as such an important part of any attempt to liberalize the EU energy market? -There are vertically integrated producers consists of utilities that are producing, transmitting and selling power which made the markets lack of liquidity. The deintegration of biggest companies will encourage smaller companies to be active in the market. There will be fair competition and energy firms could compete with each other. -To reduce the barrier in doing cross-border transmission in national markets. Barrier to do cross-border transmission is the oppositions from various parties in the country which hinders the foreign companies to enter the national market in order to protect their integrated companies. If deintegration is done by the country, there would be more operators in the energy market that will encourage competition; increase affordability and dependability of the services. . Why do you think progress towards the liberalization of the EU energy market has been fairly slow so far? -The countries have been trying to protect their local small energy companies from the large foreign companies. -The governments and national companies try to protect their own industry from the foreign companies to maintain their market share in the industry. -Only the big firms are ready to face their competitors and increase their marke t share and power in Europe.

Women of the Eighteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Women of the Eighteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt Hatshepsut was not the first queen regent in the Eighteenth Dynasty. It is possible that Hatshepsut knew of several reigning Egyptian queens before the Eighteenth Dynasty, but there is no evidence of it. There were some images of Sobeknefru that survived into Hatshepsuts time. But she surely knew of the record of the women of the Eighteenth Dynasty, of which she was a part. Ahhotep The founder of the dynasty, Ahmose I, is credited with re-unifying Egypt after the time of the Hyksos, or foreign, rulers. He recognized publicly his mothers central role in holding power until he could reign. She was Ahhotep, sister and wife of Taa II. Taa II died, probably fighting against the Hyksos. Taa II was succeeded by Kamose, who seems to have been a brother of Taa II, and thus an uncle of Ahmose I and brother of Ahhotep. Ahhoteps coffin names her as Gods Wife the first time this title is known to have been used for the wife of a pharaoh. Ahmes-Nefertiri (Ahmose-Nefertari) Ahmose I married his sister, Ahmes-Nefertiri, as Great Wife, and at least two others of his sisters. Ahmes-Nefertiri was the mother of Ahmose Is heir, Amenhotep I. Ahmes-Nefertiri was given the title Gods Wife, the first time its known that the title was used during a queens lifetime, and implying a major religious role for Ahmes-Nefertiri. Ahmos I died young and his son Amenhotep I was very young. Ahmes-Nefertiri became the de facto ruler of Egypt until her son was old enough to rule. Ahmes (Ahmose) Amenhotep I married two of his sisters, but died without an heir. Thutmose I then became king. Its not known whether Thutmose I had any royal heritage himself. He came to the kingship as an adult, and one of his two known wives, either Mutneferet or Ahmes (Ahmose), could have been sisters of Amenhotep I, but the evidence for either is slim. Ahmes is known to have been his Great Wife, and was the mother of Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut married her half-brother, Thutmose II, whose mother was Mutneferet. After Thutmose Is death, Ahmes is shown with Thutmose II and Hatshepsut, and is believed to have served as regent for her stepson and daughter early in Thutmose IIs short reign. Hatshepsuts Heritage of Woman Power Hatshepsut thus came from several generations of women who ruled until their young sons were old enough to take power. Of the Eighteenth Dynasty Kings through Thutmose III, perhaps only Thutmose I had come to power as an adult. As Ann Macy Roth has written, women effectively ruled Egypt for almost half of the approximately seventy years preceding Hatshepsuts accession. (1) Hatshepsut in assuming the regency was following in a long tradition. Note: (1) Ann Macy Roth. Models of Authority: Hatshepsuts Predecessors in Power. Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh. Catharine H. Roehrig, editor. 2005. Sources consulted include: Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. 2004.John Ray. Hatshepsut: the Female Pharaoh. History Today. Volume 44 number 5, May 1994.Gay Robins. Women in Ancient Egypt. 1993.Catharine H. Roehrig, editor. Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh. 2005. Article contributors include Ann Macy Roth, James P. Allen, Peter F. Dorman, Cathleen A. Keller, Catharine H. Roehrig, Dieter Arnold, Dorothea Arnold.Joyce Tyldesley. Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. 2006.Joyce Tyldesley. Hatchepsut the Female Pharaoh. 1996.

Human and Addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human and Addiction - Essay Example Television Addiction It is satirical that many people globally are mostly harmed with what they love most. Things that lead people to addiction and eventually land them to problems are not basic things, but luxury things. It is not compulsory for people to take alcohol especially those who do not have control of it because they know that they will eventually land into problems. Strong desire of things is not only associated to physical substances. Those obsessed to gambling find it to be uncontrollable while those who are addicted to sex find it to be fanatical. Globally people are addicted to televisions, when somebody does not have appetite of a certain meal or he does not want to share in a discussion, they usually take the remote control to get consolation from the television. Parents are bothered with how their children are watching television yet they too have the same problems. Researchers have concluded that people who are addicted to television usually engage in conversation s while their eyes are stuck to the television. It does not matter whether the conversation is important, these people cannot turn their eyes away from the television (Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi 1). ... They usually have a strong desire to watch the television, albeit they wish to stop watching the television excessively, but they usually fail to control themselves. These people continue watching television despite the consequences it accompanies. These characteristics are mainly connected to people who watch television frequently. It should be noted that watching television is not challenging because it entertains, educates and informs people. The problem usually sets in when the individual has a strong desire of watching the television and he cannot control it. The amount of time spent in watching television is unbelievable because many people save their time of work and others even sacrifice their sleep to watch television. Due to these trends, people who are age eighty have watched television for ten good years. Many broadcasters argue that people who watch television do it out of their own will but what is not understood is why this people usually complain on their watch to the television. When explorations were carried out, more than half of the populace complained of disproportionate TV watching (Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi 2). Various researches have been carried out to detect people reactions in watching television with the use of highly sophisticated equipments in the laboratory. The work of these machines is to detect how the brain, skin and heartbeat react to watching television. Another method that was used to detect reactions of watching television in normal life apart from the controlled environment in the laboratory was Experience Sampling Method. In this method, the participants were required to carry around a beeper in their pockets and they were alerted six to eight times so as they could write what they were doing

Stock investment project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stock investment project - Essay Example The failure of one investment has less chances of hurting my overall performance since I have other investment to depend on for their profitability. Investing in mutual funds enabled me to have a larger number of investments than when I did not consider the option. I was able to exploit the opportunity of dollar cost averaging (DCA) whereby I would invest any amount through the investment manager. I considered that in the absence of mutual funds I would have suffered the risk of higher cost arising from investing in variety of stocks. The management expense ratio (MER) is the same regardless of the amount of stock I had invested in; hence the possibility of investing in large number of stock without dreading the influence of the commission fees (Rowland & Lawson, 2012). The brokerage fee for entering and exiting the market also acted as a percentage loss on my investment thereby calling for investment in mutual funds. Performance I invested in six different stocks in the market inclu ding: SOHU.COM Inc, Packaging Corp of America, Intel Corporation, Yahoo Corporation, Cambrex Corp, GIS. The invested had a net worth of $100,044.46. Net worth for the whole project was $100,044.46; buying power for the stocks was $115039.92 with cash remaining of $14,995. The overall gain was $44.46 while the overall return was 0.04% and today’s gains was 1.39%. On November 2, 2013 the following was how the stock sold in the market for the company I chose with each having brokerage fee of $10 attached. The following is the image showing the overall performance of the stock and that reported by the 6 different stocks in the market. A gain of 1.39% is good for starting a project, and I consider continuing to invest in these market stocks. Influence of economic conditions The prevailing economic conditions impacted on the profitability of my stock portfolio. Uncertainity about current global economic conditions acted as a major aspect in my investment decision (Rowland & Lawson, 2012). I dreaded for the uncertainty since this usually reduces the spending ability of the businesses and the consumers. The companies and the consumers would reduce on their spending especially because of the negative financial news and tighter credit in the market. Tighter credit implies the likeness of higher cost to be associated with any investment conditions. The presence of these conditions made me to hesitate in making investment decision in the market. Further the prevailing uncertainty in global economic conditions also triggered the notion of demand greatly differing among different countries. This means that the action by the companies in raising prices on goods and services to raise their profitability, would have less impact since the wiliness of the consumers to buy is so much different in other countries. Intuitively, the condition subjected the companies to witnessing variability in their income and expenses because of the gains or losses realized from the sale or exchange of financial instruments (Rowland & Lawson, 2012). Consequently, I had made a decision in relation to company’s preparedness towards compensating for the possible losses resulting from the uncertainty in the global economic trend. The above conditions affected the cost associated to investment, especially the starting cost. In my case, the

Promote Products & services and undertake marketing activites Assignment

Promote Products & services and undertake marketing activites - Assignment Example Online Advertising iii. Mobile Advertising d. Conclusions Drawn i. Relationship between Ads and Student Admission in TAFE Institutes ii. Key Points of the Findings iii. Operational Issues 5. Recommendations for the TAFE institute Ads a. Steps to Solve Immediate Problems b. Critical Points to Be Addressed To Get Maximum Benefit c. Taking Advantage of Indentified Opportunities d. Decisions to be taken based on the conclusions in the findings 6. Conclusion 7. Bibliography 8. Appendix A Review on the Marketing Strategies of TAFE Institutions in Queensland Executive Summary The main objective of this report is to review how the three major Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes in Australia market themselves. The TAFE institutes play an important role in equipping the students with the job market skills. A major proportion of students who complete their high school land into such institutes directly as they will be able to attain part-time or full time jobs much earlier than th ey get the college degrees through these institutes. However, the marketing strategies of many such institutions are outdated. This report conducts an elaborate survey among the students who study in the three major Australian TAFE institutes, the Metropolitan South Institute of TAFE, Southbank Institute of Technology and Brisbane North Institute of TAFE. ... The third part presents the gathered results and discusses the current pros and cons of the TAFE marketing strategies. The fourth part presents productive recommendations to improve the reach of their TAFE institutes among the student community through various innovative marketing ideas. Introduction Background of the Study In Australia TAFE colleges award diploma's which are valued less than the Bachelor degree, but very useful in equipping students with industry related skills. Certain TAFE colleges in Victoria and Queensland are eligible to provide their own bachelor and post-graduate degrees ( Wheelahan, et al, 2009). These colleges offer a variety of vocational training in various fields like mechanics, engineering, finance and construction. Students looking for a quick employment and those who cannot afford university education find TAFE colleges quite useful. Students who finish year 12 examination attain a short term diploma course and secure a job. The diploma course is then used as a partial credit to enter Bachelor degree courses in the mainstream universities. The students, who come follow this path, easily earn while they learn and come out with substantial experience in their field when they complete their degree. This extra qualification helps them gain up to three times more salary than their fresher colleagues. TAFE colleges are usually widespread offering a variety of industry niche oriented training. But many students who complete year 12 look upon them as colleges used by students who get low grades and economically backward students. They are not well informed about the advantages of using the TAFE diploma's efficiently. Most of the youngsters who complete year

The importance of Occupational Health and Safety studies Essay

The importance of Occupational Health and Safety studies - Essay Example Government as well as private health sectors work hand-in-hand to ensure that appropriate measures are implemented to attain health and safety management in any construction project sites. Lifting operations involves wide range of lifting equipment and have been a causative factor in major injury, if not fatal accidents in construction industry. In April of 2007, the Construction Design and Management Regulations, otherwise known as "the CDM Regulations" were re-introduced. The said regulations aimed to ensure that stakeholders who are directly involved in the construction projects will comply with their health and safety obligations. It seeks to improve the entire management and synchronization of health, safety and welfare all the way through stages of a construction project in order that large number of grave and fatal accidents as well as cases of ill health will greatly reduce. Lifting operation can be defined as an operation concerned about the lifting or lowering (LOLER Regulation 8, 1998) of a load. The load can mean a person or lifting equipment which in turn refers to work equipment used for lifting or lowering of loads, attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting it are included. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations or LOLER (1998) supported by the ACOP and HSE Guidance Safe Use of Lifting Equipment applies over as well as above the universal requirements mandated by the 1998 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations with hazards and risks related with lifting equipment and also the lifting operations. The following are the specific requirements of the regulations: Every employer shall guarantee that: a) lifting equipment is of sufficient in strength and stability for every load; b) all part of a load and attachments must also be of adequate strength. Every employer shall see to it that lifting equipment for lifting persons: a) focus to sub-paragraph (b), prevents worker from being crushed struck or trapped, fall from carrier; b) prevent so far as is practically a person using it, as he carry out activities c) subject to paragraph 2, wear suitable devices to avoid the risk of falling; d) not thereby exposed to harm or danger.Every employer must guarantee that every lifting procedure involving lifting equipment is: a) correctly planned; b) appropriately supervised; as well as c) carried out safely. Before lifting equipment is placed into service by the person, it has to be thoroughly examined by the said person to check the defects, unless: a) lifting equipment was never used before; and b) if and when lifting equipment (for which an EC pronouncement of conformity should (example, the case of an affirmation under the1997 Lifts Regulations) have been represented, the employer has received the said declaration not more than 12 months earlier than the lifting

Income Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Income Statement - Essay Example The cost of goods sold is directly related to the manufacturing of products by the company; hence, it must incur overapplied or underapplied overhead costs in the calculation of cost of goods sold. The company has earned a viable net income after deducting all the expenses. The financial position of the manufacturing company seems to be sound in 2011. The revenues for the year are summed up at $680,000 and gross profit is accumulated at $420,000. The company can increase its income for the year by lessening the sales expenses and the operating and administrative expenses. The administrative expenses of the company are totaled at $70,000 and the sales expenses are accumulated at $40,000. Superior Manufacturing Company can reduce its administrative expenses by investing more in technology, outsourcing business processing and technological advancements, automate the functions of customer service by using online systems, etc. This will help the company to increase its net income. Summing up, the company has a stable financial position and can improve more in the coming years by cutting down its

The importance of Occupational Health and Safety studies Essay

The importance of Occupational Health and Safety studies - Essay Example Government as well as private health sectors work hand-in-hand to ensure that appropriate measures are implemented to attain health and safety management in any construction project sites. Lifting operations involves wide range of lifting equipment and have been a causative factor in major injury, if not fatal accidents in construction industry. In April of 2007, the Construction Design and Management Regulations, otherwise known as "the CDM Regulations" were re-introduced. The said regulations aimed to ensure that stakeholders who are directly involved in the construction projects will comply with their health and safety obligations. It seeks to improve the entire management and synchronization of health, safety and welfare all the way through stages of a construction project in order that large number of grave and fatal accidents as well as cases of ill health will greatly reduce. Lifting operation can be defined as an operation concerned about the lifting or lowering (LOLER Regulation 8, 1998) of a load. The load can mean a person or lifting equipment which in turn refers to work equipment used for lifting or lowering of loads, attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting it are included. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations or LOLER (1998) supported by the ACOP and HSE Guidance Safe Use of Lifting Equipment applies over as well as above the universal requirements mandated by the 1998 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations with hazards and risks related with lifting equipment and also the lifting operations. The following are the specific requirements of the regulations: Every employer shall guarantee that: a) lifting equipment is of sufficient in strength and stability for every load; b) all part of a load and attachments must also be of adequate strength. Every employer shall see to it that lifting equipment for lifting persons: a) focus to sub-paragraph (b), prevents worker from being crushed struck or trapped, fall from carrier; b) prevent so far as is practically a person using it, as he carry out activities c) subject to paragraph 2, wear suitable devices to avoid the risk of falling; d) not thereby exposed to harm or danger.Every employer must guarantee that every lifting procedure involving lifting equipment is: a) correctly planned; b) appropriately supervised; as well as c) carried out safely. Before lifting equipment is placed into service by the person, it has to be thoroughly examined by the said person to check the defects, unless: a) lifting equipment was never used before; and b) if and when lifting equipment (for which an EC pronouncement of conformity should (example, the case of an affirmation under the1997 Lifts Regulations) have been represented, the employer has received the said declaration not more than 12 months earlier than the lifting

Israel and the Palestinians (CASE) Module 4 Essay

Israel and the Palestinians (CASE) Module 4 - Essay Example The situation between Israel and Palestine involves the USA and therefore, the USA risks her acquisition of oil and other resources from the Islam nations (Palestine Facts, 2009). In order to deal with the threat of terror that Israel seem to use as an excuse to intimidate Palestine, the USA should make use of her Foreign Policy to negotiate or intervene the conflict without political or economic bias. It has been reported that the USA’s taxpayers’ money has been funding Israel military operations within the Middle East. Without a clear indication of which nation is instigating or escalating the conflict, the USA has chosen to support Israel in both military and financial resources (Palestine Facts, 2009). The USA has several options on how to approach the conflict between Israel and Palestine conflict. From historical background, the USA has been in record for getting involved in various conflicts between other nations. With regards to these interventions, the USA’s Foreign policy, which is supported by other nations such as the UK, has been a doctrine for maintaining peace among nations. In this case, as a recommendation, the USA should consider the merits of the Foreign Policy before providing support to Israel. The US Foreign Policy is a doctrine supported by the US Constitution and merited by various other bodies such as the UN. Thus, while the USA may not be directly involved in providing military supports to Israel, there are various levels of conflicts that the USA overlooks. Israel has been openly endorsed by the USA in terms of military to carry out anti-terror operations in Gaza Strip and West Bank. As a ally to the USA, Israel has boasted superpower status within th e Middle East due to her military prowess. However, if the humanitarian clause of maintaining peace around the world in the US Foreign Policy holds, then the USA should withdraw support for Israel in order to apply diplomacy in approaching the

A Blessing in Disguise Essay Example for Free

A Blessing in Disguise Essay One Sunday morning, during a late October, despite the beautiful day, and tasks needing to be done, I decided to attend a lecture on the Dead Sea Scrolls. Though the lecture was to last for at least four hours and I was late- Thanks to over sleeping, an invisible energy was propelling me, shouting I needed to go. I grabbed an apple and flew out of my apartment, caught a taxi and arrived as the talk was beginning. I was the last person to arrive. When the lecture was over, I leisurely strolled home, stopping on the way to pick up a couple of things at various stores. And then without warning, about five blocks from my apartment building, I tripped on the sidewalk and fell on my face. My nose was bleeding and I was dizzy, too dizzy to stand, but no bones were broken. â€Å" I am fineâ€Å", I announced to the people on the street that stopped. They thought otherwise, and someone called 911. I was told an ambulance was on its way. I remained sitting on the sidewalk. A fall that would change everything Though I was dizzy, I hadn’t lost consciousness, and because I hate making a scene, I asked to be put in a taxi so I could go home. I said going to the hospital in an ambulance was overkill, no need for all the fuss. Not one of the good Samaritans, who waited with me agreed. The next thing I knew, the ambulance arrived and I was placed on a stretcher, and whisked to the emergency room of a large New York hospital, one where I had no doctors and knew none. On the other hand that didn’t concern me, since I believed I would be given a test or two and then sent home. When the attending emergency room physicians were told what happened I was sent to radiology for a CT scan of my head and spine. The tests showed I wasn’t bleeding from the fall but the test was murky and so the CT scan was followed by an MRI of my head. I assumed all was well and that I would be discharged, and yet it wasn’t happening. Instead I could hear the doctors mumbling something about a mass. It seemed this was what the tests showed and they were waiting for a confirmation from the radiology department. An Unexpected Hospital Stay Since I had tripped as opposed to having a dizzy spell, I was shocked to hear that they were looking for a bed for me. Radiology believed the CT scan and the MRI showed I had a meningioma with a shadow surrounding it, pushing against my brain. I needed brain surgery. Given that this was a teaching hospital, a surgeon would come and speak with me and tell me what was necessary, what this entailed. It entailed a four and half hour operation, one in which I would not need to have my head shaved because the cut was going to be the same, as that done by plastic surgeons when they operate. I would have staples but they would come out ten days later. I was surprised at how calm I was, as everything was described. The best way to describe it is to say I felt watched over. Three days later I had the surgery. The mass was benign (meningioma’s usually are) and my very capable surgeon, who I met but once before the surgery, was able to remove the shadow surrounding it. I was told it is when meningiomas are left unattended that complications occur. (A meningioma is something one has for years and though slow growing, they must be operated on, especially when there are shadows surrounding the mass.) Though I was at a hospital where none of my doctors had visiting privileges, at no time during my week long stay did I worry, and worrying is oft times my middle name. Instead I felt serene and profoundly grateful for the events that had brought me there. My meningioma wasn’t going away, it was growing as were the shadows surrounding it. Down the road I would have had symptoms that carried consequences none too pretty. And would I recognize the symptoms when they occurred? There was no way to know. Acknowledge the Gift Blessing of Every Event in Life There is an energy that is always flowing in this universe, an unseen current that is oft times called instinct or intuition. This energy, this current, is very wise, and when we recognize its presence, when we trust its wisdom, it guides and carries us along as if a beacon of light. I believe everything connects. If I hadn’t gone to the morning lecture, if I hadn’t listened to my instinct and intuition, if I hadn’t stopped to pick up a couple of things at stores, I never would have been walking on that specific sidewalk. I never would have had the tests and found out what was sitting inside me, waiting and needing to be discovered. The fall was my trip wire, the beginning of my very own victory parade and I was profoundly grateful for the strangers that called the ambulance and waited with me until it arrived. The Samaritans knew I wasn’t fine, even when I protested that I was. I experienced firsthand that there are always people willing to help; it is up to us to take the help when it’s offered and not to let pride or embarrassment stand in the way. There is wisdom in the concern of strangers. Both negative and positive energy exists in the universe. We may not immediately understand why things happen the way they do but if we look at the trajectory from beginning to end, it becomes clear that that there is a pattern and it is playing itself out. We are not victims of circumstances but energetic beings who create our own circumstances and we are given the choice to reject or accept the outcome, which in its turn creates a new set of circumstance. Life is a trip wire, we do not always know what’s around the next corner but we do know that the corner exists and to move forward, we must walk on it. That fall was my own trip wire. There is no other way to put it. It was a blessing in disguise for me.

The Formation Of The Pakistan Army History Essay

The Formation Of The Pakistan Army History Essay Pakistan came into being on 14 Aug 1947 as one country comprised mainly of contagious Muslim areas. Today even after more than sixty years down the line the country is struggling to become a nation. Pakistans army has had the distinction of holding of reigns of the country for more than thirty-eight years. Martial law regimes have come up in Pakistan in spite of democratically elected governments, the Army continued to exercise control even when civilians were titular rulers of Pakistan. There are many possible questions as to why the Pakistan army is so different then the Indian Army although both the armies share a similarity in cultural heritage and an inherited legacy of political neutrality from the British. . How and under what circumstances did Pakistan Army gained such colossal proportion of importance in the social fabric of Pakistan so as to be the major factor in deciding the policies, relations and thus the destiny of Pakistan in the new world order. Army in Pakistan gained importance which continued to grow steadily, maybe after the first instance of employment of Army for internal security problem on 06 mar 1953,the place was Lahore. The situation was brought under control within two days. The soldiers were withdrawn on 14 May and two days later Dawn newspaper commented that Memories of the Army rule in Lahore will linger for a long time to come and a new look that Lahore has acquired and the sense of discipline among its people inculcated by the Army will bear eloquent testimony to the good work done by Maj Gen Azam Khan and his men. This probably was the building block through which Pakistan Army got itself entrenched to seats of power in future. Many scholars have also raised the question of the age old problem of humankind that is economics driving the force behind the Pakistan Army being reluctant to give away its stake in power.The initial patriotism changed to self sustenance and then to safeguard the vital economic interests of the army. Over the years we have seen that Pakistan has been able to force the world opinion and aid towards itself as per Dr Philip Colhn pakistan is a nation which puts barrel a pistol on its head and demands aid,help otherwise it would shoot itself. This argument merits considerstion as due to its unique geopolitical position it has become a major player and a strategic partner for the sole superpower USA in the fight against terror. The crux of the problem are the bribes the Pakistani military establishment openly seeks from the international community for any move on its part whether it is to help rein in Taliban or severe its institutional support to India directed terror groups. Another point which drives the behavior of Pakistan is that it has to live with the fact that it lacks strategic depth and so it has raised its stakes in Afghanistan which it considers its strategic depth and the militant outfits operating with the blessings of Pakistan Army,more in particular of ISI are also considered as strategic partners which would come to play when the need arises. METHODOLOGY Statement of the Problem The Pak Army traditionally preoccupied itself with political, social, economic security concerns of the nation. It started with Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan ( 17 Jan 1951 Apr 1969) since then there has been many instances when power was bestowed on civil regimes but due to their corruption and mis governance people of Pakistan turned back to their Army leadership for solace. The role of the Pakistan army in politics, is contributing to dissonance with India. Hypothesis The army has been supreme power centre and has played its role in all the major time lines in the history of the nation irrespective of the global and geo strategic positions prevailing at that time. The foreign policies and political issues are dictated to a certain extent by the GHQ. This role of Pakistan army in politics, especially in the present sub-continental context, is the major cause of dissonance with India. Justification of the Study The Pakistan Army has been able to influence the political, social and religious aspirations of the people of Pakistan. In doing so it has been able to justify its involvement in almost all spheres of the governance .As a powerful organization ,it has been able to present a picture to the population that in the present scenario it is the only organization in Pakistan which can safeguard the nations integrity and security from the biggest enemy, India. This study proposes to see the correlation between the Army and the governance and power structure of Pakistan further if its this mindset is the root cause of dissonance with India. Scope The study will deal with the historical backdrop and the symbiotic relationship which has emerged between civil and military relations in Pakistan. The role played by army in politics and its subsequent effect on relations with India. The study will cover the military regimes in brief along with the three wars and the proxy war in Kashmir resulting in fomenting trouble against India . Method of Data Collection The means and sources of gathering information , which would assisted in completing this paper are appended below:- guest speakers . Articles of significance in Indian and Pakistani newspapers. Periodicals and Journals. Books written by various writers in the subject. A bibliography of the above means and sources is appended at the end of the text. Organisation of the Dissertation In the course of the dissertation, the subject is proposed to be analysed in the following parts: (a) Chapter II. Historical Perspective of Pak Army Ideology. (b) Chapter III. Pak Failed Democracy or State (c) Chapter IV. Wars with India, their impact on policy formulation.. (d) Chapter V. Civil Military Relations and their dynamics. (e) Chapter VI. Influence Of Pak Army On Relations With India. (f) Conclusion. (g) Bibliography CHAPTER II HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF PAKISTAN ARMY IDEOLOGY As we look into the events that unfolded after 14 Aug 1947we would come to the conclusion that very few nations come into existence as India and Pakistan came into being. The partition of British india into two independent nations of India and Pakistan has a long and sorrow saga of violence, mistrust, betrayal and a sense of unfullfillment Of the objectives for which this division was sought by their political leaders. The initial problems have continued till date and there is little hope for a peaceful, permanent solution.The problems which have become a more or less a permanent feature in relations between the two countries are (a) The territorial claims of J K (b) Disproportionate arms acquisition as seen by each other. (c) Nuclear Status. (d) Partition of undivided India. The partition of British India also included division of the Army between India and Pakistan.The war department was split on 19 July 1947 and many units began moving components to the destinations on either side of the border. The task was not an easy one as the numbers were large the British Indian Army was 400,000 strong.It was decided that Indian Army would get 2,60,000 with balance allotted to Pakistan. Out of the twenty nine infantry regiments Pakistan received eight a similar ratio of division took place in other fighting arms. The transformation was not easy and in most of the cases it ended in sorrow while in some cases it ended in slaughter although it was not of a soldier killing a fellow soldier. Creation of a new stste did not have an auspicious beginning. It is not surprising that the distrust engendered by mass slaughter has continued to linger on even today. Another reason for the distrust formulated in the psyche of the Pakistan was the fact that in the middle of chaos and terror the newborn armies had a tough and challenging task of creating a balanced fighting forces.India got a large proportion of base installation as most of the stores, depots were located within India.It had been worked out that 170,000 tons of equipment and stores were to be dispatched to Pakistan in 300 train loads actually Pakistan only received three railway wagon loads from India containing obsolete or useless items such as prophylactics left over from early treatment centers set up during the Second World War in Burma as recalled by General Gul Hassan . This denial of equipment to Pakistan contributed to the rapid souring of relations. The territories were to be distributed by two commissions chaired by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, an eminent jurist who lacked knowledge about the subcontinent. Mountbatten the then Viceroy of British India is supposedly to have used all his charm to persuade the rulers of approximate 500 independent Princely States to accede to India rather than to Pakistan. He succeeded but with three exceptions of Hyderabad, Junagarh and Kashmir.The Nawab of Junagarh immediately after partition declared accession to Pakistan it was within Indian territory so it accession was not practicable ,as it had only 20 percent muslim population its accession was not logical either. Hyderabad was also a similar problem as 86 per cent of its population was hindu but Kashmir was a muslim dominated state with a hindu ruler who wanted to be independent. Thus amidst this chaos India did military action in Junagarh after its Nawab fled to Pakistan .The Nizam of Hyderabad Osman Ali had not decided to opt for either of the countries the and there was a standstill which lasted till 13 september 1947 when Indian troops took over the state. Thus,in two of the desputed territories there had been solutions one in Junagarh involved plebiscite favouring India and other at Hyderabad involving military action .The problem of Kashmir was similar but was not solved and has led to was and tension between two countries since then. The actions by India in Junagarh, Hyderabad and the Kashmir dispute had a very negative effect in the general psyche of Pakistan towards India who now came to be seen as a nation which could use force to re-unite the subcontinent. This fear was the initial trigger in formulation of policies within Pakistan and was instrumental in deciding its international policies and relations .We can argue that these notions were not correct and an extension of imagination by Pakistan but it should be remembered that when it was critical for Pakistan to stabilize its internal situation India ,although was also doing the same inside its territories ,was insensitive and committed actions without taking Pakistan into confidence thus augmented Pakistans fears against India. In view of the above arguments it is clear that the problems and the inadvertent actions by India to solve then coupled with the scars of a bloody partition made Pakistan security conscious and its leaders were of the opinion that with a large neighbour who doe not hesitate to use force Pakistans territorial integrity was at a risk. This formulated the foundation of Pakistan policies to be formulated and followed. The policy of leaders, whether civil or military, was to strengthen defense of Pakistan at all conditions and cost. The chaos and internal problems made the political elected representatives dependent on the bureaucracy to run the administration and on the army to safeguard territorial integrity of the nation and maintain law and order . The army should only be called for maintenance of law and order duties only in exceptional cases but in Pakistan it became a regular feature and paved the way for future role which the Army had to play. Although Indian and Pakistani armies had a common origin in the old British Indian Army their employment and conduct differed drastically some differences are :- (a) Pakistan Army has been ruling the nation for more than 32 years since it attained independence and so it has acquired great influence and powers within the politics and society. (b) The Pakistan army was created from scratch and it led to a mixed legacy of pride and bitterness at having to create a virtually new army in the face of active Indian hostility. (c) The basis of creaton of Pakistan was to created as an Islamic state, so its army had to adapt to Islamic principles and practices and used it to build upon its strength. (d) After partition the responsibility of the defence of the North West Frontier Provinces was that of Pakistan , changing its entire strategic outlook. The unique feature of composition of Pakistan Army is that it is dominated by Punjabi Muslims. The Pakistan army had something like 60 percent Punjabi Muslims and the next bigger chunk from the North West Frontier Province. Thus, the army came to be dominated by the Punjabi-Pathan, psyche and culture of defiance, unwillingness to accept defeat, and not accepting responsibility for it by transferring it to someone else, further an urge to dominate, certain recklessness and a deep desire for revenge. As has already been mentioned that Punjabi Muslim officers formed the majority of the Offr cadre and thus acquired a influential position in the newly formed state of Pakistan: they stressed that the intrinsic worth of Pakistan was the Islamic character of Pakistan this was in turn to be reflected in the Islamic character of the military. They propagated , the history of Pakistan had its origin to Muslim dominance in South Asia and Pakistanis were natural conquerors of the region as their purer religion was an asset and their aggressive character. These beliefs led to the belief of the supremacy of Pakistani martial classes over Hindu India. Since its inception the military rulers have had a great say in formulating policies ,laws which shaped Pakistans destiny. The Army is dominated by Punjabis which come from affluent land lord ,industrial class ,these classes traditionally have been the ruling elite thus the Army officers belonging to these regards military ascendancy of politics not only as a right but as a duty as well. The degree to which military represent interests of others is a debatable issue further , the army has steadily extended its field to include protection of the national ideology, as per its own interpretation . Under Zia ideology of Pakistan being a Muslim state changed, in due course of time, to an Islamic polity and now it has further changed to Pakistan being a nation of enlightened moderation. General Zias Islamisation campaign affected both Pakistani society and the Army Zia tried to build a more puritanical and devout Army and allowed some religious groups like Tabligh e Jamat .to become acti ve in the Army.He was also the first Army Chief to attend the annual conventions of this group.Zia religion to be integrated in the syllabus of the staff college and encouraged the study of Islams teachings regarding the conduct of war. The unquestionable military professionalism of the Pakistan army is resultant of the fighting traditions and natural instincts of people of North-West India. The problem of Pakistan Army is that it has a constricted base of its recruitment, and a far larger role is played by tribal and clan factor which tend to deal with proficient matters in a similar manner which on a hindsight is constricted ethnic viewpoint. This clan background increases the stress to prove that one is more courageous and aggressive than the other, with little consideration to the cost of such action an institute like would have to pay and an example of such foolhardiness in Pakistan Army can be that of the Kargil misadventure undertaken by it on such considerations. The Pakistan army guards their integrity , protects their position in the society, and wants to protect a foundation or an idea since the day Pakistan was created. Further it has been dynamic in establishment of internal law and order. Furthermore, it has forever regarded itself as the special expression of the idea of Pakistan, and a few officers have advocated an activist role in reforming the society where it has fallen below the standard of excellence set by the military. The professionalism of the Pakistan army has been strongly influenced by the philosophy of Pakistan. During 1980s the army began to assume the role of the only defender of the countrys ideological frontiers. This resulted in change in the social culture of the army, and its officer corps. The Pak army officer corps influences the defense policy as well as politics of Pakistan. The military has maintained its supremacy in politics has been successfully projecting itself as saviours of the state, it has laid claim of the sole agency capable of promoting and safeguarding national integration and prevailing only when it becomes necessary to prevent collapse. Post independence, the Pakistan army identified and stressed that Islam was a unifying force. There are regular attempts by military think tanks to decrease the degree of influence of British Indian army patterns and the need to alter as per Islamic principles. A Lieutenant General involved with training in the army states , Islam is a religion in which certain amount of regimentation is germane. You have a system, a core, so basically therefore, for a Muslim, as I see it; he gets a certain orientation, a certain organisation and a certain discipline. General Zia tried to change the ethos of the army, making Islamic custom and teachings part of the armys day-to-day activities. He changed the motto of the army from Jinnahs Unity, Faith and Discipline to Iman, Taqwa, Jihad fi Sabeelillah (Faith, Obedience of God and Struggle in the Path of Allah) and even allowed members of the fundamentalist Tableeghi Jamaat to preach at the PMA. Many Muslim officers had to choose between India and Pakistan during partition and a fairly large number chose this option. Most probably they thought that they would have more opportunities in an Islamic state vis a vis a secular democracy having a Hindu majority. The occurrence of partition established the worst doubt of these officers. It taught Pakistani officers one basic rule: trust no one in a situation of a Hindu or Sikh vs. Muslim and take nothing for granted, except when you have the force to defend yourself. This suspicion (but not fear) of communal enemies was imprinted on the psyches of almost all officers in the new Pakistan army. Later the distribution of military stores and non receipt of the promised stores from India, Indian actions in Kashmir,Junagarh and Hyderabad, made Pakistan officers formulate a sense of distrust and perception- real or imagined that India was dishonest in its dealings especially when it come to Pakistan are part of the inheritance of the present-day Pakistan army. Pakistani officers of subsequent generations believe in this mistrust of India as a primary postulation, which is as true as the formulation of their country and it would take a herculean effort of both sides to completely erase this belief from the subconscious mind. . Pakistan Army is perceived to be a highly motivated and a disciplined organisation. The people have conventionally shown great admiration, even high regard, for its officers and soldiers, who have time and again performed when the time of reckoning, come. On the other hand the military leadership has frequently let the military and the country down. Slowly, respect, has been replaced by a feeling of fear and hatred and has generated dialogue on the army and its role in the countrys polity. During the Zia regime in the late 1980s, people were so fed up with the uniform and its interference in daily life that many Army officers desisted going in public places in uniform . During 1990s, hatred of the military was due to the fact that the army was seen encroaching into the commercial life of the cities and even agriculture.Even during the time Musharraf was in power People minced no words when it came to criticizing the military but they taked within the four walls of their houses.They adjusted to the military rule which it seems to have become habit of sorts.